The Empowered Patient: Strategies for Self-Advocacy in Healthcare
As a physician, I am invested in helping my patients navigate the healthcare system in a way that empowers them. In today's healthcare landscape, where systemic disparities persist, self-advocacy becomes critical for achieving access to care and improving health outcomes. There is a profound impact on personal wellness that occurs when patients understand the importance of advocating for their own health. In this article, we will look at the significance of self-advocacy, specifically in communities facing disproportionate health disparities, such as Black and Hispanic women, and discover strategies to help patients voice their needs and navigate the healthcare system effectively.
Understanding the Importance of Self-Advocacy
Self-advocacy begins with awareness. Patients must first familiarize themselves with the basic framework of the healthcare system. In the United States, healthcare is based on the concept of two types of providers: primary and specialized. Primary care doctors and advanced practice clinicians (physician assistants/nurse practitioners) are on the frontlines of medicine. Examples of primary care doctors include family practitioners, internists, OB/GYNs, and pediatricians. These doctors have a wide range of knowledge in their field to help them diagnose a wide array of illnesses. Once a diagnosis is determined and more advanced care is required to manage it or if a diagnosis is uncertain/unknown, this is where it is important to advance through the healthcare system to see a specialist.
Some health insurance carriers require patients to be seen by their primary care doctor before being referred to a specialist, but many do not. If you receive a diagnosis from your primary care physician who you do not agree with or do not feel you have been appropriately managed, you should inquire about scheduling an appointment with a specialist. Depending on your insurance, you may be able to make an appointment with your specialist without a referral from your primary care doctor.
The second important aspect of self-advocacy is awareness of your personal health conditions, treatment options, and available resources. Expect your doctor to provide you with only some of the details needed to understand your disease. The average time most doctors spend in the exam room with a patient is under 10 minutes. With the escalating demands on the healthcare system, the patient-physician face-to-face time is likely to continue to dwindle. Utilize the many available reputable resources online to learn about your diagnosis. WebMD, Cleveland Clinic, and Mayo Clinic provide free patient education resources online. This knowledge equips you to ask informed questions, seek out second opinions, and actively participate in shared decision-making with their healthcare providers.
Lastly, it is important to know how health disparity may impact your personal wellness journey. For instance, Black women are disproportionately affected by breast cancer mortality, highlighting the importance of early detection and proactive healthcare management. Individuals can prioritize their health and well-being by advocating for regular screenings and timely interventions. It is also important for Hispanic and Black women to be proactive in advocating for excellent blood pressure control and routine monitoring for diabetes as both disorders are prominent within their communities.
In addition to individual advocacy efforts, addressing systemic barriers is crucial for promoting health equity. Healthcare institutions and policymakers must continue to work to dismantle inequalities within patient care and improve access to quality care for all patients, regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
By advocating for policy changes, investing in community-based resources, and promoting diversity and inclusion within healthcare settings, we can together create a more socially responsive healthcare system that meets the needs of diverse patient populations.
Strategies for Empowered Self-Advocacy
Seeking Culturally Competent Care
Patients should actively seek out healthcare providers who understand and respect their cultural backgrounds and unique needs. Culturally competent care fosters trust and communication, facilitating open dialogue and shared decision-making.
Asking Questions and Seeking Clarification
Patients must voice their concerns, ask questions, and seek clarification about their health conditions and treatment plans. Clear communication helps patients make informed decisions and actively participate in their care.
Building a Support Network
Patients can benefit from building a support network of family members, friends, or patient advocacy groups who can provide encouragement, assistance, and additional resources. Support networks can help patients navigate challenges, share experiences, and advocate collectively for improved healthcare outcomes.
Keeping Records and Documentation
Maintaining thorough records of medical history, test results, and treatment plans empowers patients to track their progress, identify trends, and advocate for continuity of care. These records also serve as valuable tools during discussions with healthcare providers.
Self-advocacy empowers patients to take control of their health and well-being in the face of systemic disparities. By educating yourself and actively engaging with healthcare providers, you can begin to confidently navigate the complexities of the healthcare system and advocate for the quality of care you deserve. As a healthcare provider, it is essential we support and empower our patients in their advocacy efforts, ensuring every patient is valued and receives our best effort in the diagnosis and management of disease.
References
American Cancer Society. (2021). Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans.
American Diabetes Association. (2020). Diabetes and Hispanic/Latino Americans: Recommended Strategies for Improving Diabetes Prevention and Management.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Racial and Ethnic Disparities Continue in Pregnancy-Related Deaths.
Dr. Saundra Dalton-Smith is a Board-Certified internal medicine physician, speaker, and award-winning author. She is the founding physician and CEO of Restorasis, a professional development agency dedicated to restoring wellbeing in the workplace by helping organizations create a healthy culture where innovation and optimal performance thrive. Learn more at DrDaltonSmith.com.